CentOS重新安装和配置yum

环境

CentOS 7

问题

新安装的CentOS 7系统用yum安装软件时报错：

$ yum install git-all
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
There are no enabled repos.
 Run "yum repolist all" to see the repos you have.
 You can enable repos with yum-config-manager --enable <repo>
解决办法

参考地址：

http://tsung.blog.51cto.com/3049036/1625814

http://fengyuzaitu.blog.51cto.com/5218690/1384796

redhat 的更新包只对注册的用户生效，所以我们自己手动更改成CentOS 的更新包

  1. 首先查看redhat 7.0系统本身所安装的那些yum 软件包：

    $ rpm -qa | grep yum
yum-3.4.3-132.el7.noarch
yum-langpacks-0.4.2-4.el7.noarch
yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-5.el7.noarch
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64
PackageKit-yum-1.0.7-5.el7.x86_64
yum-utils-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch

  2. 删除这些软件包:

    $ rpm -e yum-3.4.3-132.el7.noarch --nodeps
$ rpm -e yum-langpacks-0.4.2-4.el7.noarch --nodeps
$ rpm -e yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-5.el7.noarch --nodeps
$ rpm -e yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64 --nodeps
$ rpm -e PackageKit-yum-1.0.7-5.el7.x86_64 --nodeps
$ rpm -e yum-utils-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch --nodeps

  3. 进入网易镜像网站找到自己系统所对应的文件包版本更新：

    http://mirrors.163.com/

  4. 找到自己所需要的版本然后下载：

    $ wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-150.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
$ wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
$ wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch.rpm
$ wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch.rpm
$ wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch.rpm

  5. 安装软件包：

    $ rpm -ivh yum-*

    yum依赖高版本的python-urlgrabber，安装过程中可能会出现错误提示：

    $ rpm -ivh yum-*
warning: yum-3.4.3-150.el7.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
	python-urlgrabber >= 3.10-8 is needed by yum-3.4.3-150.el7.centos.noarch

    在网易镜像网站找到python-urlgrabber的安装包并下载安装：

    $ wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm
$ rpm -Uvh python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm
warning: python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7     ################################# [ 50%]
Cleaning up / removing...
   2:python-urlgrabber-3.10-7.el7     ################################# [100%]

    然后再安装yum包，正常安装是这样的：

    $ rpm -ivh yum-*
warning: yum-3.4.3-150.el7.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7 ################################# [ 20%]
   2:yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-4################################# [ 40%]
   3:yum-3.4.3-150.el7.centos         ################################# [ 60%]
   4:yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-40.el7   ################################# [ 80%]
   5:yum-utils-1.1.31-40.el7          ################################# [100%]

  6. 更新repo文件

    参考地址：http://mirrors.163.com/.help/centos.html

    • 下载对应版本repo文件, 放入/etc/yum.repos.d/(操作前请做好相应备份)

    • 修改文件里的对应CentOS分发版本，本例子中将文件里的$releasever改成7，与网易镜像里的路径对应

    • 生成缓存

      $ yum clean all
$ yum makecache

  7. 测试安装

    例如：

    $ yum install git-all

    ​